Search results for " brick"
showing 10 items of 19 documents
Consolidation of earthen building materials: a comparative study
2019
The consolidation and protection of mud bricks are a challenge in the field of conservation of archeological sites. One of the solutions is represented by the coverage of the entire excavation that assures a protection against mud dissolution. Unfortunately, this is not always feasible, both for economical and practical issues. For these reasons, alternative solutions are needed. In this work, laboratory experimentation has been carried out in order to test the efficacy of some products to slow down the dissolution process and increase the brick toughness. Three typologies of raw materials taken from different outcrops (one from the Republic of Azerbaijan and two from Calabria region, Italy…
Experimental Investigation on the Compressive Behaviour of Clay Brick Masonry Columns Confined by BFRP or Steel Wires
2016
This paper presents the results of an experimental research aiming to investigate on the compressive behavior of full size clay brick masonry columns reinforced with Basalt Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (BFRCM) or with steel wires collaring. Uniaxial compressive tests were performed on eight retrofitted columns and four control specimens. Two masonry strength were considered by varying the mortar grade. Results are presented and discussed in terms of axial stress-strain relationships, failure modes and crack patterns of the specimens tested up to failure. For the limit of investigated variables, comparisons with unreinforced specimens show the ability of these alternative techniques …
Characterization of hydraulic mortars by means of simultaneous thermal analysis
2008
The properties of hydraulic mortars were studied by means of simultaneous thermal analysis (STA), according to a procedure proposed in the literature. Hydraulic limes, cement and/or slaked lime were mixed using different proportions of both inert and reactive aggregates, in order to test the effectiveness of such procedure in distinguishing the different degree of hydraulicity of such samples. The use of the normalized coordinates suggested in the literature results in overlapping of the clusters of different kinds of mortars. Modified coordinates are proposed, which give promising results in view of outlining a 'master curve' of hydraulicity.
Trasferimenti tecnologici nella Sicilia d’età moderna: l'impiego del mattone a “cortina”
2016
In Sicilia, nel contesto di quella che è stata definita la civiltà della pietra, e tra i laboratori della stereotomia medioevale nel Mediterraneo, il ricorso al laterizio e alla tecnica costruttiva che l’impiego di un materiale “artificiale” comporta, ha generato in età moderna fabbriche che hanno operato uno scarto rispetto alla tradizione fino a produrre una nuova tradizione. La serie di casi che sono segnalati in questo contributo indicano come sia stata spesso la mobilità di alcuni maestri “forestieri” a spiegare l’introduzione, l’attecchimento e la fortuna dell’impiego del mattone a faccia vista, o altrimenti detto a “cortina”, nel cantiere siciliano d’età moderna. In Sicily, as a part…
Effectiveness of BFRP confinement on the compressive behaviour of clay brick masonry cylinders
2020
Abstract This paper presents the results of an experimental and analytical study on the compressive behaviour of small clay brick masonry cylinders reinforced with a basalt fibre reinforced polymer (BFRP) composite. Fourteen cylinders, manufactured using two assembling schemes and confined using either one or two layers of BFRP grids, were tested under monotonic compression loading. Traditional strain measuring systems were integrated with digital image correlation (DIC) technique. The BFRP confined masonry cylinders showed a ductile behaviour characterised by a softening branch of the stress–strain curve. The experimental strains, strength, and full stress–strain curves were modelled using…
Materials for sustainable architecture in the Mediterranean region
2016
There has been recent increased use of earth for construction of buildings in developed countries, largely because of concerns with the environmental impact and embodied carbon from fired bricks and cement based products. Of all forms of earth construction, the widest impact on modern construction is likely to come from commercially produced unfired earth masonry where large scale production can significantly reduce costs. The use of traditional materials in the Mediterranean area needs to be reassessed with a thought given to environmental sustainability, but also with an eye to the reappropriation of the predominantly massive nature of Mediterranean architecture. This article contemplates…
Historical mortar: luminescence from fine grain quartz
2010
Within the framework of a research programme aimed at the chronological reconstruction of the structures belonging to the architectonic complex of San Francesco alla Collina of Paternò (Catania, Italy), a procedure was carried out using thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating, respectively on terracotta bricks and mortar from the same sampling points. The primary methodological aim was to extend the application of luminescence dating techniques to mortar from historical buildings. Because the TL dating method dates the last firing of bricks, it offers a terminus post quem: the results give the period in which they were manufactured. The possibility that th…
Comparative experimental analysis on the compressive behaviour of masonry columns strengthened by FRP, BFRCM or steel wires
2017
Abstract In the last decade, several studies have investigated the application of Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) wraps to masonry piers in order to provide a confinement effect and enhance compressive strength and ductility. Although this technique has proved to be quite effective, various drawbacks arise when organic resins are used to bind fibres. To solve these problems, different techniques have been developed to be used as alternative methods for enhancing the structural performances of weak masonry columns. Among these, the use of Basalt Fibre Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (BFRCM) wrapping, or the application of steel wires at mortar joints. This paper presents the results of an expe…
Brick Masonry Columns Externally Wrapped with Steel Wires under Concentric and Eccentric Loads
2017
This paper discusses an experimental investigation of clay brick columns that are externally strengthened by steel wire collars wrapping the horizontal mortar joints. The study aims to prove the effectiveness of the proposed strengthening technique and detect the efficiency of different numbers of steel collars. Additionally, the effect of eccentric loading is investigated. This paper proves that an analytical expression available in the previous literature can be modified to provide the strength of the equivalent homogeneous cross section in simple compression. To this aim, the biaxial strength domain of the bricks is modified to account for the lateral pressure exerted by the steel collar…
Experimental Investigation on the Compressive Behaviour of Clay Brick Masonry Columns Confined by BFRP or Steel Wires
2016
This paper presents the results of an experimental research aiming to investigate on the compressive behavior of full size clay brick masonry columns reinforced with Basalt Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (BFRCM) or with steel wires collaring. Uniaxial compressive tests were performed on eight retrofitted columns and four control specimens. Two masonry strength were considered by varying the mortar grade. Results are presented and discussed in terms of axial stress-strain relationships, failure modes and crack patterns of the specimens tested up to failure. For the limit of investigated variables, comparisons with unreinforced specimens show the ability of these alternative techniques …